Research status and prospect of remyelination in multiple sclerosis based on "inflammation-tissue" homeostatic coupling / 中国中药杂志

Multiple sclerosis(MS) shows the pathological characteristics of "inflammatory injury of white matter" and "myelin repair disability" in the central nervous system(CNS). It is very essential for MS treatment and reduction of disease burden to strengthen repair, improve function, and reduce disability. Accordingly, different from the simple immunosuppression, we believe that key to strengthening remyelination and maintaining the "damage-repair" homeostasis of tissue is to change the current one-way immunosuppression strategy and achieve the "moderate pro-inflammation-effective inflammation removal" homeostasis. Traditional Chinese medicine shows huge potential in this strategy. Through literature research, this study summarized the research on remyelination, discussed the "mode-rate pro-inflammation-effective inflammation removal" homeostasis and the "damage-repair" homeostasis based on microglia, and summed up the key links in remyelination in MS. This review is expected to lay a theoretical basis for improving the function of MS patients and guide the application of traditional Chinese medicine.

Quality value transfer of material benchmark of Guizhi Jia Gegen Decoction / 中国中药杂志

A total of 15 batches of the substance reference of Guizhi Jia Gegen Decoction(GZGGD) were prepared and the characteristic fingerprints of them were established. Furthermore, the similarity of the fingerprints and peak attributes were explored. The extraction rate, and the content and the transfer rate ranges of the index components, puerarin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, and ammonium glycyrrhizate were determined for the analysis of the quality value transfer. The result demonstrated that the fingerprints of the 15 batches of the samples showed high similarity(>0.99). A total of 15 characteristic peaks were identified from the fingerprints, with 10 for Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 1 for Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2 for Paeoniae Radix Alba, and 2 for Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The content of puerarin was 11.05-18.35 mg·g~(-1) and the average transfer rate was 21.27%-39.49%. The corresponding figures were 7.95-10.90 mg·g~(-1) and 23.28%-43.23% for paeoniflorin, 3.25-4.95 mg·g~(-1) and 32.31%-61.27% for ammonium glycyrrhizate, and 3.65-5.80 mg·g~(-1) and 14.57%-27.05% for liquiritin. The extraction rate of the 15 batches of samples was in the range of 16.85%-21.78%. In this paper, the quality value transfer of the substance reference of GZGGD was analyzed based on characteristic fingerprint, content of index components, and the extraction rate. This study is expected to lay a basis for the quality control and further development of GZGGD.

Research progress and therapeutic perspective of iron transport balance based on "iron-inflammation" homeostatic coupling theory / 药学学报

The iron and inflammation homeostasis are closely coupled, forming an integrated functional unit under physiological conditions. "Iron transport balance" has become the key mechanism to maintain iron homeostasis through bidirectional regulation of iron uptake and release and dynamic management of transmembrane concentration. It is also the physiological basis for the inflammatory balance between promotion and resolution. Under pathological conditions, represented by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disturbed iron transportation was highly involved in almost every step of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the iron transporting rebalancing provides the mechanistic basis and effective approach for the normalization of inflammatory microenvironment. Macrophage is the key regulator of inflammation homeostasis and determinant for iron transport balance. Unfortunately, the current clinical transformation based on iron transport balance theory has still been insufficient. Sometimes, this strategy even showed high complexity and contradiction, severely restricting its clinical application. By summarizing the theoretical research progress of iron transport balance, especially its relevance to macrophage phenotypic polarization, this review aims to explore the therapeutic value in inflammation intervention by targeting iron transporting balance. This review will provide the necessary knowledge and hints for the research and development of candidate drugs in treating inflammatory diseases.

Exploring Mechanism of Key Chinese Herbal Medicine on Breast Cancer by Data Mining and Network Pharmacology Methods / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the key Chinese Herbal Medicines (KCHMs) against breast cancer by data mining, and analyze the potential mechanism of KCHMs using network pharmacology method.@*METHODS@#Clinical prescriptions consisted of CHMs for treating breast cancer were screened, and then Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was applied to obtain the KCHMs. Subsequently, active ingredients and corresponding target genes of KCHMs were searched by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database, and target genes of breast cancer were collected using OMIM and MalaCards. After that, the overlapping target genes of KCHMs and breast cancer were screened, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built. In addition, a network of "KCHMs-active ingredients-breast cancer-targets" was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to reveal the action mechanism of KCHMs.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7 KCHMs were identified, whose active ingredients include quercetin, luteolin, nobiletin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and be-ta-sitosterol, etc. Based on protein-protein interaction analysis, core targets were ESR1, MYC, CCND1, EGFR, CASP3, ERBB2, etc. Several KEGG pathways (e.g, PI3K-Akt, p53, ErbB, and HIF-1 signaling pathways) were found.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the combination of the data mining method and network pharmacology approach, the therapeutic effect of KCHMs on breast cancer may be realized by acting on target genes and signaling pathways related to the formation and progression of breast cancer.

The change of blood gas and C reactive protein of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome patient with pretherapy and post-treatment of continuous positive airway pressure / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To observe the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and its affection on patients' blood gas analysis, C reactive protein(CRP) levels. This prospective study was performed from October 2016 to July 2017. Fifty hospitalized adult patients with medium or severe OSAHS, who were diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, were collected as a case group. Those patients met the standards of medium or severe OSAHS, among whom 40 were male, 10 were female, the age was between 30 and 65, with a mean age of (47.24±10.28) years, and BMI was (27.94±3.43) kg/m(2). Meanwhile, 50 healthy individuals were chose in the same term as a control group, among whom 37 were male, 13 were female, the age was between 29 and 69, with a mean age of (51.28±10.58) years, body mass index(BMI) was (26.98±2.70) kg/m(2), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was<5/h. The differences of blood gas analysis pH, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)), CRP before and after the treatment of CPAP in case group and in the control group were compared. The choosing data were disposed and analyzed with statistics software of SPSS 20.0. Among which test was adopted for measurement data, χ(2) test was adopted for enumeration data, and nonparametric rank sum test was adopted for other measurement data. Before the CPAP treatment, pH, PaO(2) and SaO(2) levels in case group were lower than that in control group, respectively [7.34±0.03 . 7.37±0.04, (75.93±9.08) mmHg . (80.07±10.94) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (89.71±6.09) mmHg .(93.29±5.36) mmHg, all <0.05]. Both PaCO(2) level and CRP were higher than that in control group [(43.02±8.43) mmHg .(39.26±8.20) mmHg, 1.28[0.27,5.83] mg/L(Median[(25),(75)]) . 0.51[0.21,2.13] mg/L, both <0.05]. After the CPAP treatment, pH(7.36±0.04), PaO(2) [(80.28±9.96) mmHg] and SaO(2) [(92.94±4.01) mmHg] level in case group were increased than pretreatment, respectively. Moreover, PaCO(2) level [(39.46±8.36) mmHg] and CRP(0.44[0.21,3.40] mg/L) are decreased than pretreatment (<0.05), respectively. The CRP and blood gas analyses are significant index to evaluate the state of an illness and to estimate the prognosis of disease of OSAHS, which is deserved to generalize.

Anatomical study on finger of extensor tendon in zone Ⅰ / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To discuss the effect of proximal interphalangeal joint(PIPJ) motion on the tension of the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon through measuring the extensor tendon and find the fixed position of PIPJ when the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon at minimum tension,and to provide reference for best fixed position in clinical treatment.Methods The maximal passive flexion angles of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP J) of the index,distal,ring and little fingers were measured in 20 cadaver hands when the PIPJ flexed at 0 °,20 °,40 °,60 °,80 ° and 100 °.Making an incision over the back of the DIPJ to expose the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon.Incising the extensor tendon laterally at the level of the DIPJ with the DIPJ fixed in extension position to make a mallet finger.Pierced a Kirschner wire through and perpendicular to the distal phalangeal basement as a sign.Parallel to this sign,marked the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon and measured its relative distance to the sign as the sliding distance of the extensor.Recording the widest gap between the tendon edges and the tendon sliding distance while the PIPJ was in extension and 20°,40°,60°,80° and 100°flexion position,severally.Results The maximal passive flexion angle of the DIPJ increased with the PIPJ flexed from 0°to 100°in 80 fingers.The gap between the extensor tendon edges in zone Ⅰ was (1.322 8 ± 1.078 9) mm when the PIPJ was in extension position.The proximal extensor tendon glide distally while the PIPJ flexed to 100° with an average sliding distance of(1.540 5 ± 0.690 7) mm.Conclusion The zone Ⅰ extensor tendon has the maximal tension while the PIPJ is in extension position.Flexing PIPJ can make the tension decrease.

Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of derivatives of ursolic acid in vitro / 药学学报

A series of ursolic acid derivatives were synthesized by the introduction of 4-chloroindole compounds at A ring and esterification and amidation at C-28 position, which structures were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and etc. The cytotoxic activity of derivatives was evaluated against HepG2 and SGC7901 cells in vitro by MTT assay, in which paclitaxel and adriamycin were used as a positive control. The results indicated that all of derivatives can inhibit cell proliferation in HepG2 and SGC7901 cells with a better activity than ursolic acid. Especially, the compounds 6 and 12 showed significant antitumor activity comparable to the paclitaxel. The compounds are worthy to be studied further.

Role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mild head hypothermia-induced reduction of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in mild head hypothermia-induced reduction of global cerebral ischemiareperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,mild hypothermia + I/R group (group H),mild hypothermia + I/R + solvent control group (group DM),and mild hypothermia + I/R + PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group LY).Global cerebral I/R was induced by modified four-vessel occlusion method described by Pulsinelli.In H group,when the hippocampal temperature was decreased to 33℃ using nasopharyngeal cooling,the bilateral common carotid arteries were occluded for 15 min followed by reperfusion,and hippocampal hypothermia was maintained at 32.5-33.5 ℃ for 1 h.In DM and LY groups,DMSO and LY294002 5 μl were injected into the left ventricle,respectively,and 20 min later the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group H.At 8 h of reperfusion,6 rats were sacrificed,and hippocampal specimens were obtained to detect the expression of pFoxO3a,Bcl-2 and Bax (by immuno-histochemistry).The expression of phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the expression of p-Akt,pFoxO3a and Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated in I/R,H and DM groups,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased in H and DM groups,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased in I/R and LY groups.Compared with group I/R,the expression of p-Akt,pFoxO3a and Bcl-2 was significantly up-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax was increased in H and DM groups.Compared with H and DM groups,the expression of p-Akt,pFoxO3a and Bcl-2 was down-regulated,the expression of Bax was up-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/ Bax was decreased in group LY.Conclusion PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in reduction of global cerebral I/R injury by mild head hypothermia in rats.

Effects of lidocaine in combination with sevoflurane on myocardial protection in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of lidocaine in combination with sevoflurane on myocardial protection in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods One hundred ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ and NYHA class Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 45-70 yr,weighing 63-82 kg,scheduled for elective OPCABG,were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=25 each):control group (group C),lidocaine group (group L),sevoflurane group (group S),sevoflurane combined with lidocaine group (group SL).Tracheal intubation was performed after induction of anesthesia.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of propofol and intermittent iv boluses of sufentanil and pipecuronium.Bispectral index value was maintained at 45-55.Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg was injected after intubation,followed by infusion at 2 mg/min until the end of surgery in L and SL groups.Sevoflurane was inhaled with end-tidal concentration of 2.2％-2.5％ starting from the end of intubation until the end of operation in S and SL groups.Before induction of anesthesia,at skin incision,immediately after transsection of internal mammary artery,after completion of anastomosis of the proximal aortovein and distal coronary artery,at the end of operation and at 24 h during operation,venous blood samples were obtained to detect the levels of plasma creatine kinase (CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI).Lidocaine-related side effects such as arrhythmia,bradycardia or cardiac arrest were recorded during operation and within 24 h after operation.Results Compared with group C,the plasma CK,CK-MB and cTnI levels were decreased in the S,L and SL groups.The plasma CK-MB and cTnI levels were significantly lower in SL group than in L group.The plasma CK,CK-MB and cTnI levels were significantly lower in SL group than in S group.In L and SL groups,no patient developed lidocainerelated side effects.Conclusion Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg injected intravenously after intubation,followed by infusion at 2 mg/min in combination with sevoflurane end-tidal concentration about 2.2％ ～2.5％ provides myocardial protection in patients undergoing OPCABG,the efficacy is stronger than that of either alone.

Fingerprint and spectrum-effect relationships on Tripterygium glycosides preparation / 中国中药杂志

Tripterygium glycosides preparation which extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (TWHY), was widely used to treat the autoimmune diseases. Previous works demonstrated that TWHF had potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. But the different quality and high incident rate of side effects of different manufactures inhibited its clinical application. Since TWHF had been generally known to play a therapeutical effect by synergism of multiple constituents, it was necessary to build the relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and bioactivity so as to ensure the quality safety and efficacy. The HPLC fingerprint showed that description and content of peaks from different manufactures were diverse. Only 11 common peaks were found. In this study, mice spleen cells stimulated by Con A were used to test the proliferation inhibition bioactivity of TWHF preparations, which were incubated with 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x L(-1) TWHF preparations for 48 h. The results showed that mice spleen cells proliferation was inhibited by all TWHF preparations significantly compared with the control group, which suggested the TWHF preparations showed immune suppress activity. The TWHF preparations from 7 manufacture showed different IC50 value, which might belong to different contents which showed in the HPLC fingerprint. Moreover, a relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the bioactivity were established to identify important constituents by grey relational analysis (GRA). The result showed that all the contents were relative with the IC50, especially No. 5 and 10 peaks, but No. 1 peak, which was proved to be triptolide, had few contribute to the inhibition of mice spleen cells proliferation. The study of relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the IC50 by GRA could help to investigate mechanism of bioactive and provide an evidence for the quantification of multi-constituents.

Metabonomic study on the anti-liver injury effect of Si-Ni-San on rats by using UPLC-MS/MS / 药学学报

A UPLC-MS/MS method based on metabonomic skills was developed to study the serum metabolic changes of rats after acute liver injury induced by CCl4 and to evaluate the action mechanism of Si-Ni-San. The integrated data were exported for principal components analysis (PCA) by using SIMCA-P software, in order to find the potential biomarkers. It showed that clear separation of healthy control group, model group, silymarin group, Si-Ni-San group was achieved by using the PCA method. Nine significantly changed metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of acute liver injury. Compared with the health control group, the model group rats showed higher levels of phenylalanine, tryptophan and GCDCA together with lower levels of LPC 16 : 0, LPC 18 : 0, LPC 18 : 1, LPC 16 : 1, LPC 20 : 4 and LPC 22 : 6. These changes of serum metabolites suggested that the disorders of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis and anti-oxidative damage were related to acute liver injury induced by CCl4. Si-Ni-San might have the anti-liver injury effect on all these four metabolic pathways.

Effects of estrogen and phytoestrogens on endometrial leakage in ovariectomized rats and the related mechanisms / 生理学报

Phytoestrogens, a group of plant-derived non-steroidal compounds that can behave as estrogens by binding to estrogen receptors, have drawn great attention for their potentially beneficial effects on human health. However, there are few studies investigating the potential side effects of phytoestrogens on the reproductive system. The present study was to elucidate the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and phytoestrogens genistein (Gen), resveratrol (Res), and phloretin (Phl) on eosinophilic infiltration of the ovariectomized rat uterus and endometrial vascular permeability, and to analyze the underlying mechanisms. The ovariectomized rats received daily subcutaneous injections of E2, E2+P4, P4, Gen, Res, Phl, or an equivalent volume of vehicle for 21 days, and sham-operated animals (Sham rats) were used as the controls. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed a marked increase in uterine eosinophilic infiltrations in ovariectomized rats treated with E2, E2+P4 or P4, which was associated with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins as determined by immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. However, all three phytoestrogens had no markedly effect on the uterine eosinophilic infiltration and the expressions of VEGF, NF-κB, and TNF-α in the uterus of ovariectomized rats. Our data demonstrate that E2 alone or in combination with P4 increases uterine eosinophilic infiltration which is related with vascular hyperpermeability caused by VEGF, NF-κB and TNF-α, whereas phytoestrogens Gen, Res, and Phl, have no such an effect.

Role of endotoxin translocation on mesenteric lymph reperfusion aggravating multiple organ injury in SMAO shock rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of mesenteric lymph reperfusion (MLR) aggravates multiple organs injury in superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Sham group (only anesthetized and operated), MLR group rats performed 1 h occlusion of mesenteric lymph duct (MLD), then followed by 2 h of reperfusion, SMAO group (rats performed 1 h occlusion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and then followed by 2 h of reperfusion), SMAO + MLR group (rats performed 1 h occlusion of SMA and MLD and then followed by 2 h of reperfusion). The blood sample was taken out from abdominal aortic for plasma and the liver, kidney, myocardium, lung tissues in fixed position were prepared for making homogenate after reperfusion of 2 h respectively. And the levels of endotoxin (ET) in plasma and homogenates were determined with kinetic turbidimetric technique of tachypleus amebocyte lysate, the contents of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), lipopolysaccharide receptor (CD14) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in homogenates were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The indices have no statistics difference between sham group and MLR group. The ET levels of the plasma and hepatic, renal, myocardial, pulmonary homogenates in SMAO and SMAO + MLR groups were significant higher than that of sham and MLR groups, and these indices in SMAO + MLR were increased significantly than those in SMAO group. The CD14, LBP and TNF-alpha contents of the hepatic, renal, myocardial and pulmonary homogenates in SMAO and SMAO + MLR groups were significant higher than those in sham and MLR groups, and these indices in SMAO+ MLR were higher than SMAO group significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mechanism of MLR aggravates multiple organs injury in SMAO shock may be associated with enterogenous ET through intestinal lymphatic pathway to translocate, activate the LBP/CD14 as endotoxin sensitizing system and promote inflammatory response.</p>

Effect of heparin-derived oligosaccharide on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through inhibition of PKC-alpha expression / 药学学报

In this study, the effect of heparin-derived oligosaccharide (HDO) on bovine vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and signal transduction mechanism involved were investigated. The levels of PKC-alpha protein and mRNA were determined by cell-based ELISA, RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemical methods. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of c-jun, c-myc and c-fos were assayed by RT-PCR method. The results showed that HDO inhibited newborn calf serum (NCS)-induced expression of PKC-alpha and proto-oncogenes, which may be one of the mechanisms for the inhibition of VSMC proliferation by HDO. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that HDO blocked NCS-induced cell cycle progression by arresting cells at G0/G1 phase. The results imply that HDO inhibits VSMC proliferation by moderating the gene level of PKC-alpha, eventually inhibiting proto-oncogene mRNA expression and blocking G1/S transition.

Anti-infectious activity of intravitreal injectable voriconazole microspheres on experimental rabbit fungal endophthalmitis of Aspergillus fumigatus / 药学学报

The therapeutic effect of sustained intravitreal injectable voriconazole microspheres (VCZ-MS) on an experimental endophthalmitis of Aspergillus fumigatus was investigated. VCZ-MS was prepared successfully and its physico-chemical property was also evaluated. Right eyes of albino rabbits were infected with an intravitreal injection of 1 000 CFU x mL(-1) of susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus. All fungal endophthalmitis models were randomly divided into five groups 48 hours later: Group A is control group with no treatment; in group B, vitrectomy was performed combined with intravitreal 3 times injections of 100 microg x 0.1 mL(-1) voriconazole every other day. In group C, D and E, vitrectomy was performed combined with intravitreal injection of 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg and 1.5 mg VCZ-MS respectively. The treatment effect was assessed by slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope funduscopy examination, using clinical grading system of inflammation in the anterior chamber and the vitreous opacity. The optical microscopy revealed that microspheres obtained from the experiment design were opaque, discrete and spherical particles with smooth surfaces. The drug content and encapsulation efficiency of microspheres were 29.94% and 73.5%, respectively. Endophthalmitis occurred in all eyes of group A, and rapidly developed to panophthalmitis. The inflammation grade of group B, C, D or E was lower than that of group A (P < 0.05). The grade of vitreous opacity in group C, D, E is lower than group B (P < 0.05). Two eyes in group C developed to panophthalmitis. But in group D and E, all eyes whose inflammation was controlled had no recurrence with vitreous clear. Histopathological examination showed normal structures in the cured eyes, while most uncured eyes were atrophic and with eyeball destroyed. So, it can be safely concluded that the curative effect of intravitreal VCZ-MS is significantly better than that of routine intraocular injection of voriconazole. The optimal dose is the one containing 1.0 mg voriconazole.

Effect of myocardial protection during beating heart surgery with right sub-axiliary approach / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is one of the three regulatory subunits of the cardiac troponin which has the high sensibility and specificity of responding to myocardial injury. Studies have demonstrated that cTnI is released into the blood stream within hours following acute myocardial reperfusion injury. The clinical utility of cTnI for the assessment of myocardial damage is that it is more specific than creatine kinase MB (CKMB). This study investigated cTnI as a sensitive marker of myocardial reperfusion injury and its clinical value on beating heart surgery with right sub-axiliary incision.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From December 2002 through December 2004, 100 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect (ASD + VSD), and tetralogy of Fallot were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group (n = 50) was operated on with a beating heart under extracorporeal circulation (ECC), and the control group (n = 50) on an conventional arresting heart under ECC. The two groups both used a right sub-axillary incision. Blood samples from a central venous catheter (CVC) were collected before, at the end of aortic clamping, immediately after discontinue cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after operation. The Abbott Axsym system with hol-automation fluorescent immunity analyzer was used for the quantitative determination of cTnI. cTnI was detected to investigate the effect of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and the clinical value of beating heart surgery with right sub-axillary incision.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences between the two groups before operation. At the end of aortic clamping and thereafter, cTnI significantly increased in both groups, and reached the peak point at 6 hours after operation. At all the tested points, cTnI was significantly higher in the control group than the beating heart group (P < 0.05), especially at 6 hours post operation (P < 0.01). The operating time and ECC duration were shortened and the dosage of dopamine was decreased, when compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was less cTnI measured in the beating heart group than in the control group after CPB, demonstrating that beating heart surgery may significantly reduce myocardial reperfusion injury.</p>

The expression of apoptosis related genes Bcl-2 and Bax protein in dysfunctional uterine bleeding / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the expression of apoptosis related genes Bcl-2 and Bax protein in dysfunctional uterine bleeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Detecting the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in 40 cases of endometrium tissue of dysfunctional uterine bleeding patients with immunohistochemistry antibiotics protein-peroxide emzyme (SP)methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The expression of Bcl-2 protein changes clearly and periodically in endometrium in normal cycle, the difference is obvious (P < 0.05). (2) The Bcl-2 protein develops with the hyperplasia in endometrium and the expression intensity is enhanced, the difference is obvious( P < 0.05). (3) The expression of Bax gene is masculine in endometrium in normal menstrual cycle. (4) The expression of Bax gene descends gradually with hyperplasia in uterine endometrium (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apoptosis of endometrium cell is restrained from the excessive expression of Bcl-2 protein and deficient expression of Bax protein, so the uterine endometrium gets to hyperplasia or notypical hyperplasia.</p>

An Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Screening Model Constructed by Transfection of pSNAV-AR into HEK293 Cells / 中国生物工程杂志

Objective:Aldose reductase,involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications,was recombinated with an adeno associated virus vector pSNAV2.0,and it was transfected into human embryonic kidney 293(HEK 293)cells.The gene engineering produced AR would be used as a target protein to screen aldose reductase inhibitors.Restriction endonuclease digestion and ligation procedures were performed to construct the AR expression plasmid vector pSNAV-hAR.Methods:After confirmation the recombinant plasmid by PCR,restriction endonuclease digestion,and DNA sequencing,pSNAV-hAR was transfected into HEK293 cells.Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to detect the expression of AR and its enzyme activity.Results:The results of a series of analysis including AR activity assay,Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis shown the expressed protein mediated by the adeno associated virus vector transfecting HEK 293 cells,was functional AR.The traditional aldose reductase inhibitors,Sobinil and Zopolrestat,were used to test and verify the constructed cell model.Conclusion:The established AR expression model can be used in mechanismresearch of activation of polyol pathway on diabetic complications and screening potential aldose reductase inhibitors.